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Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH): Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Introduction to Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)

Developmental dysplasia of the hip, or DDH, is a condition where the hip joint does not form properly in babies and young children. Because the hip is a ball-and-socket joint, DDH means the ball does not fit snugly into the socket. As a result, the hip can be loose or even dislocated. Early detection is important. With prompt care, most children recover fully. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), DDH is a leading cause of hip problems in children worldwide.

Symptoms of DDH

DDH symptoms can be hard to notice, especially in newborns. However, parents and doctors can look for signs such as:

  • One leg appears shorter than the other
  • Uneven skin folds on the thighs or buttocks
  • Limited movement or flexibility in one leg
  • Clicking or popping sounds when moving the hip
  • Limping or walking on toes (in older children)

    • Sometimes, DDH does not cause pain. Still, early symptoms are important to catch. Therefore, regular check-ups help spot problems early.

    Causes and Risk Factors

    Doctors do not always know why developmental dysplasia of the hip happens. Yet, some factors can raise the risk:

  • Family history of DDH or hip problems
  • Female babies (girls are more often affected)
  • Breech birth (baby is born feet or bottom first)
  • First-born children
  • Tight swaddling of the legs after birth

    • Because these factors can increase risk, doctors often check babies with these backgrounds more closely.

    Diagnosis Methods

    Early diagnosis of DDH is key. Doctors use several methods to check for hip dysplasia in children:

  • Physical exam: The doctor gently moves the baby’s legs to feel for looseness or clicks.
  • Ultrasound: This safe test uses sound waves to see the hip joint in babies under six months.
  • X-ray: For older babies and children, X-rays show the bones more clearly.

    • Because some signs are subtle, regular check-ups are important. If you notice any symptoms, tell your doctor right away.

    Treatment Options

    Treatment for developmental dysplasia of the hip depends on the child’s age and how severe the problem is. Early treatment works best. Options include:

  • Pavlik harness: This soft brace holds the hips in the right position. Babies usually wear it for several weeks.
  • Closed reduction: If the harness does not help, doctors may gently move the hip into place while the child is asleep under anesthesia.
  • Spica cast: After moving the hip, a cast keeps it steady for a few months.
  • Surgery: In rare cases, surgery may be needed to fix the hip joint.

    • Most children recover well with early treatment. However, follow-up visits are important to check progress.

    Prevention and Lifestyle Guidance

    While not all cases of DDH can be prevented, some steps may help lower the risk:

  • Use safe swaddling methods that allow the baby’s legs to move freely
  • Attend all regular check-ups with your child’s doctor
  • Share any family history of hip problems with your doctor

    • Because early action is key, parents should watch for signs and talk to their doctor about any concerns.

    When to See a Doctor

    If you notice any signs of hip problems, such as uneven legs or a limp, see a doctor right away. Also, if your baby was born breech or has a family history of DDH, ask your doctor about extra screening. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent long-term problems.

    In summary, developmental dysplasia of the hip is treatable, especially when found early. Consult an orthopedic specialist for personalized advice on DDH.